The Digital Public Infrastructure Map

Tracking national-scale digital infrastructure around the world

The Digital Public Infrastructure Map

Tracking national-scale digital infrastructure around the world

China

Digital ID System

WIP

National digital identity

Governing entity: Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)
Status of implementation: Pilot
Legally binding redress mechanism: NA
Funding organizations identified: NA
Technical Support organizations identified: NA
URL: NA
Last Updated: 01/10/24
Claim of digital ID: YES
ID or Civil Registry Act: YES
Regulation for digital ID: NA
Codified digital ID legal status: NA
Procedural rules for digital ID enrolment: NA
Relationship with feeder documents: NA
Terms of data storage and sharing available: NA
National Data Protection Act: YES
Data leak disclosure process: YES
Data handling terms exist: NA
Collects or uses biometric data: YES
Digital authentication function: YES
Enables KYC packet collection: NA
Authentication through government portal: NA
Two or more sectoral use cases enabled: NA

Digital Payment System

DPI-like

Interbank Payment System

Payment system type: Interbank payment system
Status of implementation: Active
Operator: Central bank/Bank association
National / Regional: National
Annual value of transactions (USD): NA
Annual volume of transactions: NA
Cost of transactions: Fixed fee model + variable fee based on volume (determined by participants for users)
Number of participants: 2020- >400
Types of transactions supported: P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system: DNS
URL: https://fastpayments.worldbank.org
Last Updated: 01/10/24
Active real-time payment system present: YES
Cross-border payments: YES
QR code transactions: YES
Bank participation: YES
Non-bank participation: NO
Interoperability policy: NA
Participation conditions and rules: NA
Data-handing rules for payment system: NA
Reporting forum: YES
AML Law: YES

Digital Payment System

WIP

Mobile money

Payment system type: Mobile money
Status of implementation: Active
Operator: Private PSP
National / Regional: National
Annual value of transactions (USD): NA
Annual volume of transactions: NA
Cost of transactions: NA
Number of participants: NA
Types of transactions supported: P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system: DNS
URL: https://fastpayments.worldbank.org
Last Updated: 27/06/25
Active real-time payment system present: YES
Cross-border payments: YES
QR code transactions: YES
Bank participation: NO
Non-bank participation: YES
Interoperability policy: NA
Participation conditions and rules: NA
Data-handing rules for payment system: NA
Reporting forum: YES
AML Law: YES

Digital Payment System

WIP

e-CNY (CBDC)

Payment system type: CBDC
Status of implementation: Active
Operator: Central bank
National / Regional: National
Annual value of transactions (USD): 2021- USD 12 B
Annual volume of transactions: 2021- 8 M
Cost of transactions: NA
Number of participants: NA
Types of transactions supported: P2P, P2G,P2M, B2B, G2P
Type of settlement system: DNS
URL: https://www.hkma.gov.hk
Last Updated: 27/06/25
Active real-time payment system present: YES
Cross-border payments: YES
QR code transactions: YES
Bank participation: YES
Non-bank participation: NO
Interoperability policy: NA
Participation conditions and rules: NA
Data-handing rules for payment system: NA
Reporting forum: YES
AML Law: YES

Data Exchange System

WIP

National Integrated Big Data System (全国一体化政务大数据体系)

Base technical architecture: NA
Status of implementation: Pilot
Governing Entity: NA
Coordination unit: NA
National / Regional: National
Sector-specific / Cross-sectoral: Cross-sectoral
Permitted participants: NA
Ownership: Public
URL: https://www.gov.cn
Last Updated: 01/10/24
Semantic interoperability: NA
Real-time sharing: NA
Scalable architecture: NA
Audit mechanism: NA
Procedural rules for data mgmt.: NA
Enrolment and participation information: NA
Used by more than one public entity: NA
Impact metrics: NA